How does smoking impact wound healing?

Smoking significantly impacts wound healing primarily by decreasing oxygenation and blood flow to the tissues. Nicotine and other harmful substances in tobacco can cause vasoconstriction, which reduces blood flow to the skin and underlying tissues. This impairment leads to less oxygen reaching the wound area, ultimately affecting the cellular functions necessary for healing, such as collagen synthesis and inflammatory responses.

Additionally, the toxins in cigarette smoke can create a pro-inflammatory environment, making it harder for the body to manage and repair tissue damage. Overall, impaired oxygenation and reduced blood supply are critical factors that contribute to delayed healing and an increased risk of complications in the wound healing process.